Cold+War+Early+Years

**Copy this page onto a new page in your online notebook. To get an overview of the origins of the Cold War, begin by reading [|Allies to Enemies: Origins of the Cold War]from ABC-CLIO.** **Use pages 794-799 in //Creating America// and** **[|“The Cold War” research list on ABC-CLIO]** **to** **develop a complete description** **for each event or idea from the early years of the Cold War.** **This information will help set the stage for tomorrow's activity. Use the first entry as an example for detail.**


 * **THE YALTA CONFERENCE**
 * Meeting near the end of WWII - big 3 meet to discuss post war Europe
 * Germany will be divided, controlled by the Allies
 * Liberated Eastern European countries will have new elections
 * United Nations will be formed
 * USSR is given great influence over Eastern Europe, and new government must be "Soviet freindly"
 * the roots of the Cold War are established || [[image:turningpoints2010:yalta.jpg height="227" align="center" caption="yalta.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:un.gif align="center" caption="un.gif"]] || **THE UNITED NATIONS
 * Created to keep the peace
 * Five permanent members: United States, Great Britain, USSR, China, France
 * **CONTAINMENT
 * A policy that was first implemented by the U.S. in 1947 in response to communism.
 * Meant to prevent the growth of a hostile country's territory and to limit the country's ideological influence.
 * Prevented through political, economic and diplomatic methods.
 * ||  || [[image:turningpoints2010:kennan.jpg height="218" align="center" caption="George Kenean"]] ||
 * George Kenean ||  ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:truman.jpg align="center" caption="truman.jpg"]] || **THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE
 * March 12, 1947
 * Truman laid out a foreign policy doctrine for the U.S. in the early days of the cold war that became known as the Truman Doctrine.
 * The policy was one that mandated an active role for the U.S. in containing the spread of communism around the world.
 * Truman referenced Greece and Turkey, both of which were in need of significant economic aid to stave off communist revolutions.
 * It laid out the groundwork for the Marshall Plan.
 * **THE MARSHALL PLAN
 * The Marshall Plan, named for Truman's secretary of state.
 * It extended similar aid as the Truman Doctrine to all of Western Europe.
 * The proposal Marshall made would jump-start European reconstruction and restore the superpower balance of power.
 * A total of 16 countries took part in the Marshall Plan.
 * It would extremely improve the U.S. economy while improving the economies of many countries in Europe.
 * Besides the U.S., Britain benefitted the most from the Marshall Plan.
 * || [[image:turningpoints2010:marshall.jpg align="center" caption="marshall.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:airlift.jpg height="261" align="center" caption="airlift.jpg"]] || **THE BERLIN BLOCKADE AND AIRLIFT
 * The Berlin airlift was a massive transfer of essential supplies flown into Berlin, Germany during 1948 and 1949 by British and U.S. forces in around-the-clock missions.
 * Soviet forces in March 1948 began to harass ground transport that connected West Berlin to West Germany.
 * U.S. and British forces, under frequent harassment from Soviet fighter planes, continued to aid Berlin.
 * **NATO AND THE WARSAW PACT**
 * NATO - the North Atlantic Treaty Organization - is a military alliance formed in 1949 by ten Western European countries, the U.S. and Canada.
 * In response, the Soviet Union and Eastern European nations formed the Warsaw Pact. || [[image:turningpoints2010:nato.png height="286" align="center" caption="nato.png"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:19471023_Reagan_HUAC.jpg height="229" align="center" caption="19471023_Reagan_HUAC.jpg"]] || **THE RED SCARE, THE ROSENBERGS, AND HUAC**
 * Red Scare was the widespread, irrational fear of communism, occurred during Cold War due to events such as the Rosenbergs and the fall of CHina to communism.
 * Rosenberg Trial was the trial of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg for conspiracy to commit espionage during war
 * Both were sentenced to death and were electrocuted, after pleading innocent
 * HUAC formed to investigate communist activity in the U.S. ||
 * **COMMUNISM IN CHINA** * In September 1949m the Communists defeated the anticommunist Nationalists in a civil war in China. The Nationalists were supported by the U.S.
 * Many Americans viewed the takeover as part of a Communist plot to rule the world. They blamed the State Department for failing to stop the Communist revolution.
 * American fear of communism grew. || [[image:turningpoints2010:PRCFounding.jpg align="center" caption="PRCFounding.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:korean67.gif height="225" align="center" caption="korean67.gif"]] || **THE KOREAN WAR
 * Many Americans viewed the takeover as part of a Communist plot to rule the world. They blamed the State Department for failing to stop the Communist revolution.
 * American fear of communism grew. || [[image:turningpoints2010:PRCFounding.jpg align="center" caption="PRCFounding.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:korean67.gif height="225" align="center" caption="korean67.gif"]] || **THE KOREAN WAR

No need to take notes - you will have a different assignment and activity** ||
 * **MCCARTHYISM
 * In February 1950, WI republican Senator Joseph McCarthy declared that he had a list of 205 State Department officials who belonged to the Communist Party.
 * His accusations launched a hunt for Communists that wrecked the careers of thousands of people.
 * || [[image:turningpoints2010:180px-Joseph_McCarthy.jpg align="center" caption="180px-Joseph_McCarthy.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:1sputnik.jpg height="225" align="center" caption="1sputnik.jpg"]] || **THE SPACE RACE
 * In 1975, the superpowers began a space race.
 * The Soviet Union launched the world's first space satellite.
 * The US rushed to do the same, setting aside billions of dollars for space research.
 * Russia had the first man in space, the U.S. had the first man to walk on the moon.